Characteristics of normal sinus rhythm?

P wave of sinus origin
Constant PR interval
Rate between 60-100/min
Constant P wave configuration
Constant PP or RR INTERVAL

What are the common sites of cardiac calcification?

 a LV apex

b LV aneurysm

c Aortic valve

d Mitral valve

e PDA calcification

f Pericardium

g Coronaries

i Conduction system

Name the disease in which grotesque facial features are seen? Enumerate the cardiac conditions associtaed

• HURLER'S SYNDROME
• Grotesque facial features - prominent supraorbital ridge, depressed nasal bridge, thick lips, corneal clouding, peg shaped teeth
• CARDIAC CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED ARE

• CAD
• AR
• HOCM
• Mitral annulus calcification (MR)

What are Brushfield's spots?

• Grayish white spots at the periphery of the iris
• It is more clearly seen in dark pigmented iris
• Seen in DOWN'S SYNDROME

 

What are the causes of thrombosis in situ in coronary artery?

• TTP
• Polycythemia vera
• Sickle cell anemia
• Primary thrombocytosis

What are the causes of Precordial tenderness?

• Tietze syndrome
• Acute pericarditis
• Acute myocarditis

Why is Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) preferred over External Jugular Vein (EJV)?

• IJV is in direct continuation of right atrium
• Right atrial pulsation is not transmitted well as there are prominent valves at the proximal EJV
• Adjoining structures of neck and upper thorax can cause extrinsic compression of EJV
• Increased sympathetic activity can cause vasoconstriction of EJV thus making its pulsation invisible